Adventures

Scenic mountain view of a Colorado 14er
AdventuresGaia GPSNew Maps

The Only Map You’ll Ever Need to Climb All the Colorado 14ers

by Corey Buhay
written by Corey Buhay

Summit all 58 Colorado 14ers with just one app and one map. Now, you can get accurate, comprehensive National Geographic route information for all Colorado’s 14,000-foot peaks in Gaia GPS. The map includes trail mileages, elevation gain, technical climbing ratings, parking information for both 2WD and 4WD vehicles, points of reference, and detailed route notes.

You can use this map layer to guide you in real time on any peak, even when you’re offline. That’s because the Gaia GPS app uses your phone’s built-in GPS chip to pinpoint your location, no cell service required.

About the Colorado 14ers

Colorado is home to 58 peaks above 14,000 feet in elevation. That includes 14,433-foot Mount Elbert, the second highest summit in the contiguous United States. The routes up these mountains range from non-technical hikes to serious scrambles. The Knife Edge on Capitol Peak and the infamous Keyhole Route on Longs Peak are both good examples of the latter.

For many Colorado locals, as well as avid mountaineers across the U.S., summiting every 14er is a life goal. However, there is some debate about which 14ers should make the “official list.” After all, some peaks are connected by shallow saddles that make it difficult to determine where one summit ends and the other begins.

Currently, many climbers characterize a Colorado 14er as a peak above 14,000 feet with at least 300 feet of topographic prominence. In other words, it has to rise at least 300 feet above surrounding peaks to count. For that reason, you’ll hear many refer to the “53 Colorado 14ers” rather than 58. Just to be safe, the NatGeo Colorado 14ers map includes all 58.

Longs Peak Colorado
14,259-foot Longs Peak in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado.

About NatGeo Maps in Gaia GPS About NatGeo Maps in Gaia GPS

Gaia GPS has long partnered with National Geographic to provide users with the expertly designed, high-quality cartography NatGeo is known for. The NatGeo Colorado 14ers layer is the most recent addition to the Gaia GPS map catalog, which already includes NatGeo maps of the John Muir Trail, the Colorado Trail, and dozens of America’s most popular recreation destinations.

How to use the Colorado 14ers map layer

Like all National Geographic maps, the Colorado 14ers layer is available to users with a Premium Membership.

You can access it by opening the United States category of the map manager. Then, tap the plus sign next to the layer to add it to your map screen.

map of longs peak
Routes to the top of Longs Peak, as depicted on the NatGeo Colorado 14ers map.

Tips for Climbing Colorado 14ers

Hiking and climbing at high altitudes can be dangerous, and hikers get lost or seriously injured on Colorado 14ers every year. Here are some tips for packing the right kit, nabbing the summit, and getting home safe.

  1. Build up your experience level. Start with non-technical peaks, and honestly evaluate your expertise and emergency preparedness before embarking on a climb.
  2. Wait for the snow to melt. The safest time to summit a 14,000-foot peak is between mid-July and late September, when the spring snow has melted out and before fall snowstorms begin.
  3. Bring a buddy. A partner can help keep you accountable to your pre-determined turnaround time, help you make risk-management decisions, and seek help if you get sick or injured on the trail.
  4. Download maps before you head out. The sheer elevation of 14ers means most of them have service on the summit. However, the rest of the trail is often without cell reception. Always make sure you have the map you need downloaded in Gaia GPS before you leave, so you can access it no matter where you are.
  5. Start early. Aim to be back below treeline by noon; afternoon lightning storms are common in the Rocky Mountains, and often occur even when the forecast doesn’t call for them. Pulling off a successful summit often means beginning your hike well before dawn, a quintessential part of the experience known as the “alpine start.”
  6. Prepare for unpredictable weather. Temperatures can drop fast in the mountains. Look at a forecast that shows predicted weather at the top of a peak as well as at the base (we recommend mountain-forecast.com). Pack for the lows, not the highs. Always bring more food and water than you think you need, as well as a hat, gloves, a good insulating layer, and a rain shell.
  7. Pack safety equipment. Always bring a headlamp, sun protection, sun glasses, a first aid kit, and any other protection you might need from the elements should something go wrong. It’s smart to bring a satellite communication device, such as a SPOT device, as well.
  8. Beware of summit fever. No peak is worth putting yourself in danger. Turn back immediately if you see rain clouds moving in, or if you begin to experience any signs of acute mountain sickness (AMS).
0 FacebookTwitterLinkedinRedditEmail
morel mushroom hunting map with burn zones and timber cut regions highlighted
AdventuresGaia GPSHow-To

How to Create The Ultimate Morel Mushroom Hunting Map

by Corey Buhay
written by Corey Buhay

The morel is perhaps one of the most prized quarries of American mushroom hunters. Its distinctive look, rich meaty flavor, and reputation for elusiveness all make for an intoxicating chase. Consequently, the locations of morel jackpots are often closely guarded secrets.

Morel mushroom hunting maps do exist, but they’re often based on reports from other foragers. If you want to find your own secret spot, or discover the hotspots locals won’t share, you’ll need to supplement those reports with a map of your own.

Tricks for Finding Morel Mushrooms

Though the exact whereabouts of morels can be difficult to predict, they are more prone to appearing at certain times and in certain locations.

Start hunting for morels in the spring, usually when tree buds just begin to open and soil temperatures hover consistently around 50 degrees. That means daytime highs in the 60s or 70s and nighttime lows in the 40s. In most places in the U.S., those conditions occur for a week or two sometime between late-March and the end of May.

A morel mushroom on the forest floor.
Morel mushroom. Photo by George P. Macklin, sourced via Flickr.


Before you head out, secure permits for foraging when required. Research local land management policies to determine responsible collection limits. Also be sure to follow other regulations and Leave No Trace policies as they apply to off-trail exploration.

In the early season, look on warmer south- and west-facing slopes and at lower elevations. Later in the season, move your hunt uphill and on cooler north- and east-facing slopes. Morel mushrooms tend to favor damp, well-drained soils.

Look around ash, elm, or cottonwood trees, particularly ones that are dead or dying. Morels are linked to environmental distress, particularly timber cuts and, in the West, wildfire burn scars.

morel mushroom hunting in a recently burned area
In the West, hunt for burn morels in areas affected by recent wildfires.

The Best Morel Mushroom Hunting Maps

To build your own morel mushroom hunting map, you’ll need the following map layers. All of these are available in Gaia GPS, and you can layer maps on top of one another and adjust the transparency to pinpoint the spots where conditions are perfect. Usually, you’d need a Premium Membership to use them, but you can access all these maps for free for the rest of the season with the three-month free trial offered at the bottom of this page.

1) A Burn Scar Map Layer. In the Western US, morels have been known to proliferate on completely burned soil in the first growing season after a fire, especially in burned coniferous forests. Use the Wildfires (Historical, US) map layer to see burned areas color coded by year. On iOS devices, you can also tap on a burn to learn the name of the fire and see just how recent it was.


a map of areas that were recently logged for timber

2) A Timber Cut Map Layer.Use the Timber Harvests map layer to show swaths of recently felled trees, one of the harbingers of a morel mushroom gold mine. Wait for a little rain and the right temperatures, and then go prowling around the stumps.


a map of private and public land boundaries

3) Maps of Private and Public Land Boundaries.Always make sure you’re hunting for morels legally. Ask private landowners for permission to search on their property, and follow appropriate regulations on public land. In most national forests, for example, collection permits are required for morel mushroom hunting. Check the land manager’s website for specific details. Use the Private Land and Public Land maps in Gaia GPS to make sure you’re within the right boundaries.


a map showing shaded relief of a mountainous region in the US

4) Good Shaded Relief.Hillshading, or shaded relief, can help you distinguish the different aspects of a slope. This is useful for gauging how much sun it will receive. Remember: morels often favor south- and west-facing slopes in the winter and north- and east-facing slopes in the summer. In Gaia GPS, try the Shaded Relief Layerfor nationwide coverage.


a map of satellite imagery with contour lines

5) Clear Contour Lines.In Gaia GPS, you can leave waypoints to mark where you’ve found morels in previous years. If you start your hunt earlier or later in the season in subsequent years, check the elevation of the waypoint. Then, follow the contour lines (like those on this Satellite Topo base map) up or down the slope until you reach the elevation and corresponding soil temperatures that match your predictions about this season’s crop.


a map showing the rainfall forecast

6) A Rainfall Forecast Overlay. Mushrooms tend to emerge after a good rain, often appearing to suddenly pop up overnight. You’ll want to look for places where the soil is damp but not drenched. Check the forecast over your intended hunting grounds several days in advance with the 24-hour or 72-hour Precipitation Forecast overlays in Gaia GPS. The overlays show the estimated rainfall in inches.

And, finally…

a topographic base map to use with your morel mushroom hunting map

7) Reliable Topo Maps. If off-trail searching is permissible, go for it, but be sure to carry a GPS-enabled map with you. It’s easy to get turned around when your eyes are on the ground. The Gaia GPS app uses your phone’s built-in GPS chip to show your location and direction of travel even without cell service. Plus, the app lets you download maps so you can always find your way home—hopefully with a bag of morels in tow.

Tips for Responsible Morel Mushroom Hunting

Never hunt for morels or any other mushroom without consulting an expert first. Many mushrooms are toxic, and morels have dangerous lookalikes that can easily be mistaken for the real thing. Always carry a reliable field guide, but know there’s no substitute for in-person instruction from a seasoned professional, and that the consequences for misidentification can be serious.

Always be careful to observe collection limits set by land managers, and secure a permit if one’s required. Don’t over-pick any one area; like any mushroom, morels perform an important service to the ecosystem by breaking down debris in the forest floor. Plus, if you leave a few behind, they’re more likely to release more spores and ensure future harvests.

4 FacebookTwitterLinkedinRedditEmail
AdventuresGaia GPSHow-To

Forrest Fenn’s Treasure has been Found

by Corey Buhay
written by Corey Buhay
Update: The Forrest Fenn treasure has been found! 
After a mythic decade of exploration, close calls, and a few fatalities, Forrest Fenn’s treasure hunt has come to an end.

On the first weekend of June 2020, someone found the bronze chest filled with about $2 million in treasure that Fenn, an art collector, had buried somewhere in the Rocky Mountains.

“It was under a canopy of stars in the lush, forested vegetation of the Rocky Mountains and had not moved from the spot where I hid it more than 10 years ago,” Fenn announced on his website.

Fenn did not disclose the exact location of the chest or the name of the man who found the trove.

“I do not know the person who found it, but the poem in my book led him to the precise spot,” Fenn, age 89, told The New York Times from his Sante Fe, New Mexico home.

The unidentified man sent Fenn a photo of the treasure, the art collector says. While the finder asked to remain anonymous, Fenn notes that he hails from “back East.”

And the discovery remains finders keepers — with a caveat. The person who finds and retains property that has been lost or abandoned is subject to paying taxes “at its fair market value in the first year it’s in your undisputed possession, the I.R.S. states.

The Story Behind the Forrest Fenn Treasure

Fenn conceived of the idea of hiding a treasure chest after a grim cancer diagnosis. He was told he only had a few years left and decided he wanted to go out with some flair. Fenn selected treasures from his personal collection and made a plan to hide them. But when he outlived the doctors’ predictions, the treasure ended up sitting at home in a vault, gathering dust.

https://www.instagram.com/p/BnUIrkfAAgT/

It wasn’t until the Great Recession that Fenn decided to bring the legend back to life and bury the box. Allegedly, his primary goal was to give people hope, and to encourage folks to get outside and have an adventure. Since Fenn announced he’d hidden the treasure in 2010, hundreds of thousands have gone in search of it.

The only clues as to its location? It’s above 5,000 feet in elevation. It’s not within a manmade structure, tunnel, cave, or graveyard. It’s in the Rockies somewhere between Santa Fe and the Canadian Border (but not in Idaho or Utah). And its location fits within the criteria described by the cryptic poem Fenn left in his autobiography, The Thrill of the Chase. The poem is as follows, and is said to contain all the clues necessary to find the treasure.

The Best Maps for Treasure Hunting

Fenn himself has said in interviews that he recommends using a GPS for safety reasons, and that a good plan and a good map are essential to the search. But which one?

After poring over the poem and analyzing prevailing theories as to its location, we’ve handpicked these base maps and overlays to help you create the ultimate Forrest Fenn treasure map.

1) Satellite Topo

The poem mentions a canyon and a put-in, and many searchers believe Fenn’s treasure to be hidden off-trail. Use satellite imagery to scout safe water crossings, assess potential put-ins and take-outs, and plan for the terrain. Use the added contour lines to help you stay safe and avoid steep drop-offs.

Safety note: Fenn has said that the treasure isn’t hidden underwater, but most searchers believe there may be river travel involved in finding the right spot. Carefully assess the conditions (and your own abilities) before you head out in a small craft.

2) NPS Maps

In Fenn’s book, he mentions childhood trips to Yellowstone. Some searchers believe the “warm waters” in the poem refer to the Boiling River near the border of the park. If you’re part of the contingent that believes the treasure is in Yellowstone, you’ll need access to maps from either the National Park Service or National Geographic.

3) USGS Maps

Many searchers believe that references like “home of Brown” and “in the wood” refer to proper nouns—like Brown Mountain or Wood River. Make sure you have an updated map with well-labeled place names. USGS maps are some of the most comprehensive official government maps out there, though crowd-sourced data from OpenStreetMap makes a good supplement. You can find USGS maps and multiple OSM sources within the Gaia GPS map catalog.

4) Detailed Road Maps

It’s common knowledge that Fenn drove and parked his car before he started hiking in to stash his treasure. We also know he reached the hiding spot and returned to his car within a single day. A few searchers believe this means it’s within a day’s drive of his home in Santa Fe, though this hasn’t been confirmed.

Regardless, no Forrest Fenn treasure map is complete without an accurate network of roads and trails. Make sure you have access to resources like the USFS Roads and Trails Overlay or MVUM Overlay, which show little-used roads and trails that don’t appear on other maps.

5) Private and Public Land Maps

It’s pretty well accepted that the treasure is somewhere on public land. Hiding and/or searching for it would be illegal otherwise. Even so, searchers have been arrested for poking around private property (most notably, Fenn’s). Use a map with private and public land boundaries to make sure you’re on legal ground, no matter where you search.

6) Recent Wildfires

Some speculate that the “blaze” referred to in the poem is a scar from a wildfire. Reference a map of burn scars and historic blazes to help inform your search.

Get All the Fenn Treasure Maps you Need in One App

The free version of the Gaia GPS app gives you access to the Gaia Topo base map, which includes contour lines, roads, and labeled features. You’ll also be able to create routes and leave waypoints to mark promising locations and past searches (as long as you’re in service).

If you want access to all the maps listed above, plus the ability to download maps to your phone or print custom maps at home, consider giving a Premium Membership a try.

Bonus for full-time treasure hunters: Buying a Gaia GPS Membership also unlocks historical maps of the U.S. and the U.K. from the early 1900s. You can also import your own maps, including scanned paper maps, to further build out your personal database.

0 FacebookTwitterLinkedinRedditEmail
AdventuresGaia GPSNew Maps

9 Reasons to Adventure in Japan (And the Best Map to Get You There)

by Corey Buhay
written by Corey Buhay

Volcanic mountain ranges, hot springs, and world-class powder skiing are enough to put Japan on any adventure traveler’s map. Next time you’re considering an international vacation, here are a few reasons Japan should make your short list.

1) Downloadable topo maps mean it’s easy to navigate.

Whether you’re sightseeing, snorkeling, skiing, or hiking in Japan, you can find your way with the Japan Topo map, downloaded straight to your phone via the Gaia GPS app.

Sourced from the Geographical Survey Institute of Japan, Japan Topo includes contour lines, roads, trails, regional boundaries, and points of interest. It’s currently available to both Gaia GPS Members and Premium Members. We recommend pairing it with the Outdoors topo map, which contains labels in the English alphabet.

2) Japan has its own Alps.

The Japanese Alps, a chain of stunning 10,000-foot peaks, forms the crown of Honshu, the country’s largest island. The region’s trails and national parks make it the epicenter of hiking in Japan.

3) It’s home to thousands of hot springs, or “Onsen.”

Nothing says Japan vacation quite like a dip in one of these traditional hot springs. Credit Japan’s prime real estate along the Ring of Fire for its over 2,500 bubbling mineral pools. Hike to one, or find a resort to relax sore muscles aprés adventure.

Map Tip: Many hot springs, or onsen, are labeled on the Japan Topo base map. Use the Hot Spring icon to find them. (All icons are in the map key on the Gaia GPS Map Legends page.)

4) Climbing Mt. Fuji is a hiker’s rite of passage.

Summit one of the world’s most iconic volcanoes with the hike up 12,389-foot Mt. Fuji, the tallest peak in the country. Plan your climb for July through mid-September while temperatures are moderate and trails are open.

5) Japan powder skiing is legendary.

In lists of the snowiest cities in the world, Japanese towns regularly take silver and bronze (coming in just behind Valdez, Alaska—no surprise there) with 200 to 300 inches per year. Add that to the country’s hilly interior, and you get world-class skiing both inbounds and off-piste.

Map Tip: You can scout out ski resorts in Japan by looking for lift lines (the straight lines on Japan Topo or colored runs on Outdoor Topo. See both below).

6) It has coral reefs.

World War II-era shipwrecks, Pacific reefs, and abundant marine life make Japan just as beautiful offshore as on. The Ogasawara Islands offer divers and snorkelers with Carribbean-blue waters, sandy beaches, and pristine rocky shorelines. You’ll also find a number of national parks on the country’s northwest islands.

7) “Forest bathing” is a thing.

Nature lovers, welcome home. Shinrin-yoku, or “forest bathing” is the practice of taking in your natural surroundings as a way to reduce stress and promote health and wellbeing. The term was coined in the 1980s, but it reflects a more longstanding cultural appreciation of nature, as well as the value of the Japan’s forested regions and rich biodiversity.

8) Every season puts on a show.

If you can’t plan a vacation to Japan during winter’s fairytale snowfall or summer high season, don’t despair. The fall color show and spring’s famed cherry blossoms (blooming January through May, depending on the region) are just as big of a draw.

9) It’s got history you can hike.

Japan is home to thousands of cultural and historical sites you can visit on foot. The Kumano Kodo pilgrimage route, for example, connects temples and shrines in the Kii mountain range. It’s one of the country’s 22 UNESCO World Heritage sites, and a great way to experience local history while hiking in Japan.

Map Tip: Use the Japan Topo legend to identify shrines, temples, and historical sites. The map below shows one of each, plus a hot spring.

0 FacebookTwitterLinkedinRedditEmail
AdventuresFeaturedGaia GPSHow-To

Winter Hiking: 10 Things to Remember On Your Next Trip

by Corey Buhay
written by Corey Buhay

Winter hiking might just be the fourth season’s best kept secret. Don’t let a chilly forecast keep you indoors. Learn the facts, and use them to master your gear, fueling, and layering systems. Do that, and you can have just as much fun winter hiking as you would in summer. Honest.

Capitalize on the fourth season’s peace, solitude, and snowy landscapes by remembering these 10 winter hiking tips next time you take on a cold-weather adventure.

 

1. Hot cocoa is actually a winter safety essential.

Your body needs plenty of water for efficient temperature regulation. When you’re well-hydrated, your blood stays thin, which makes it easier for your heart to pump it through the tiny capillaries in your fingers and toes. If you’ve ever spent time exercising in the cold, you know it can be tough to motivate yourself to stay hydrated when all you’ve got is a half-frozen Nalgene. Instead, pack an insulated bottle with hot tea or cocoa.

Because it’s an effective mood booster and way to coax in some extra calories, cocoa mix is actually a recommended item for many search and rescue kits, and a documented tool for helping winter rescue victims cope in emergencies.

Pro tip: If you do carry a water bottle while winter hiking, remember water freezes from the top-down. Store your bottle upside-down in your pack to keep the lid from freezing shut.

 

2. There’s no such thing as bad weather—just bad gear.

If you find yourself cold or wet on a day hike, don’t blame the weather: You might just be wearing the wrong things. The biggest step you can take to stay safe and comfortable while winter hiking is to choose the right materials and really dial in your layering system. Wet or sweaty clothes can sap warmth from your skin, and in winter, that can result in hypothermia even in moderate temperatures. To keep yourself warm and dry, opt for plenty of thin layers so you can optimize your body temperature no matter how fast or slow you’re moving.

At the very least, pack a windproof layer, a waterproof shell in case of precipitation, and a fleece or light jacket to go under your shell. Select wool or synthetic materials for everything from your baselayers to your hat, gloves, and socks, and consider adding gaiters to seal out snow and a scarf or Buff to seal in heat. Unlike cotton, wool and synthetics retain warmth even when they’re wet. It’s also smart to pack an insulated “crisis puffy” in case of unexpected drops in temperature, as well as extra gloves or socks on long winter hikes.

 

3. Batteries die faster in the cold.

If you’re using Gaia GPS to navigate and want to make sure your phone lasts in the cold, keep it in a pocket close to your body to keep the battery warm when it’s not in use. For other electronics, consider using lithium batteries, as they’re lighter, more efficient, and typically perform better in extreme temperatures than alkaline.

(Note: Lithium batteries are a great choice for many uses, but not all. For example, most avalanche beacon manufacturers recommend using alkaline batteries, as a lithium battery’s remaining charge is harder for beacons to measure.)

 

4. Traction and flotation are essential for safe travel.

You wouldn’t drive on packed snow with summer tires, would you? Think of your winter hiking footwear the same way. If your route carries you across steep slopes, boilerplate, ice, or no-fall zones, consider bringing crampons and an ice axe (and know how to use them). To negotiate packed snow or even just a few slick spots on lower-consequence slopes, consider traction devices for your shoes like Microspikes or Yaktrax, as well as a pair of ski or trekking poles. If the forecast calls more than a few inches of fresh snow, you’ll need flotation, as well: Bring snowshoes or backcountry skis to save yourself some post-holing.

 

5. Walking through snow will take twice as long.

Traveling through even just a few inches of unpacked snow can increase your energy expenditure by up to 2 to 3 times what you’d need to hike the same trail without snow, and that means hiking slower—think one mile per hour or more. Even with snowshoes, you should budget for a longer and more strenuous day than you’d otherwise have in the summer.

If you’re in a higher latitude, you’ll be even tighter on time due to shorter days. Look up sunrise and sunset times before you plan your hike, set a hard-and-fast turnaround time, and start full-day trips before dawn to make sure you don’t get caught in the dark. (Bring a headlamp just in case.)

 

6. Frostbite and hypothermia can sneak up on you.

Hypothermia can strike in temperatures as high as 50°F, and many people who get frostbite fail to notice it until it’s too late (it’s easy for numb feet to stay out of sight and out of mind). Know the symptoms before you head out, and bring the right gear to keep your fingers and toes comfortable and safe in the cold.

If you notice you’ve got chilly toes even in thick, waterproof boots, take a look at the fit: Sometimes thick socks can impair circulation just enough to keep hot blood from flowing through. Try thinner socks, or sizing up your boots to accommodate your winter-weights.

Also be sure to keep your feet dry: Long days in wet boots can result in immersion foot, or trench foot, which takes longer to develop than frostbite but can also cause lasting damage if left untreated.

 

7. Winter navigation is a whole different ball game.

Even familiar trails are bound to look different in winter, either because of snow or just the visual differences of fallen leaves and bare branches. Download maps and routes in Gaia GPS before you head out, just in case. Be sure to reference the Snowfall Forecast overlays, which will show NOAA’s forecasts for snow accumulation up to 72 hours in advance. Always bring a map and compass as backup.

 

8. On average, temperatures drop 3 to 5°F per 1,000 feet in elevation.

This is a good rule of thumb, and it makes sense: The higher the altitude, the colder the air. However, winter weather can be unpredictable. Check the forecast before you go, and pack for the lows, not the highs. Use a weather resource like mountain-forecast.com, which shows the expected temperatures and wind speeds at the tops of mountains as well as at the bottom. If you can’t find a detailed elevation forecast for your area, do some rough math: If it’s 40°F at the trailhead and your hike’s high point is 2,000 feet above that, make sure you have layers to keep you warm down to 30°F.

 

9. Snow can reflect up to 80% of the sun’s rays.

In most conditions, the worst you’ll come home with is a pretty serious goggle tan. But on sunny days above treeline, all that reflected light can cause serious sunburns and even snow blindness, a type of UV damage to the eyes that can impair vision for up to several days after exposure. Wear sunscreen, UV-blocking chapstick, and polarized shades or glacier glasses with full coverage.

 

10. Quick-burning carbs warm you up the fastest.

Constantly adding fuel to the furnace is one of the best ways to stay warm in the winter. Carbohydrates metabolize the fastest, giving you a quick burst of energy and warmth. Munch on high-carb snacks like potato chips, crackers, and candy bars throughout the day. Mix in high-fat foods like nuts, chocolate, summer sausage, and cheese, which provide more consistent, slow-burning energy.

Whatever you bring, make sure it resists freezing and is easy to eat on the go. And make sure it tastes good: Winter hiking should be fun, and it’s hard not to have fun when there’s chocolate involved.

 

0 FacebookTwitterLinkedinRedditEmail
AdventuresFeaturedGaia GPSHikes

Top 10 Day Hikes Near Seattle

by Elisa Wirkala
written by Elisa Wirkala

A city ringed by emerald waters, glaciated volcanoes, and jagged peaks, Seattle has no shortage of great hikes within a short drive of downtown. But with so many options, the biggest challenge is deciding where to start. Save yourself some time and reference this guide for the best trails and views within a 3-hour drive of the city.

Whether you’re looking for a weekday trek close to home or a chance to push your limits in the mountains, you’ll find what you need in this list of top Seattle-area day hikes. Check out the links for full descriptions, plus detailed maps, and driving directions.

1. Heather-Maple Pass Loop

The Gaia GPS community ranks this hike #1 within the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, and the views of alpine lakes, meadow, and craggy ridges covered in wildflowers make it easy to see why. If you can’t carve out a weekend to experience this trail in the summer, don’t feel like you’re settling: Come fall, larch trees beckon hikers with dazzling gold foliage.

Length: 7.2 mile loop
Elevation gain: 2,051 feet
Distance from downtown Seattle: Approximately 3 hours

2. Alta Mountain via Rampart Ridge Backdoor Trail

While many hikes feel incomplete if you turn around halfway, this trail’s non-stop views and a seemingly endless string of alpine lakes means you can call it a day just about anywhere. Plan a casual day out by setting your finish line at the easier-to-access Lake Lillian, Rampart Lakes, or Rachel Lake, or push your limits and complete the whole trek up to 6,151-foot Alta Mountain.

Length: 8.8 miles out-and-back
Elevation gain: 2,438 feet
Distance from downtown Seattle: Approximately 1.5 hours

3. Mount Pilchuck

Ask a Seattleite what their first mountain summit was, and chances are it was Mount Pilchuck. The iconic hike’s trailhead starts right around 3,250 feet above sea level, which means the relatively short (albeit steep) climb deposits hikers high above the surrounding landscape for big visual payoffs. Soak up the 360-degree views of Mount Rainier, the Olympics, and Mount Baker from the summit shelter lookout.

Length: 5 miles out-and-back
Elevation gain: 2,020 feet
Distance from downtown Seattle: Approximately 1.5 hours

4. Kendall Katwalk Loop via PCT

Experience the wonders of the PCT without the months of body odor and blisters. Often regarded by thru-hikers as the most scenic spot along the whole Washington PCT, Kendall Katwalk shows off the best of the Pacific Northwest. And it won’t just be the altitude pumping up your heart rate: Hikers are rewarded with views of the surrounding mountains above Snoqualmie Pass via a narrow path blasted out of the cliff face. This is a local favorite in the summer, and frequented by backcountry snowshoers and skiers in the winter.

Length: 12 miles out-and-back
Elevation gain: 2,550 feet
Distance from downtown Seattle: Approximately 1 hour

5. Lake Serene and Bridal Veil Falls

Nestled in by jagged peaks, Lake Serene is the perfect spot for a swim and an idyllic picnic atop Lunch Rock. With lush forest, alpine surrounds, and snow-capped mountains, it lives up to its name and calls hikers back year after year. On the way up, the short one-mile round-trip excursion to see Bridal Veil Falls is well worth the bit of extra effort and makes a fine turnaround point for hikers with young children. It’s also not very far from Seattle, making it an ideal retreat for those looking for pristine nature without a long drive.

Length: 8.3 miles out-and-back
Elevation gain: 2,067 feet
Distance from downtown Seattle: Approximately 1 hour 15 minutes

6. Sahale Mountain

If the idea of climbing a non-technical peak in the mountaineering haven of the North Cascades National Park piques your interest, don’t miss this summit trek up Sahale Mountain. Though the nearly 5,000 feet of elevation gain might seem daunting, smart trail construction and 30-something generous switchbacks make this hike surprisingly manageable. Plus, it’s hard to focus on the quad burn with near-constant North Cascades views putting you face-to-face with peaks to add to your tick list.

Summiting Sahale Mountain is a great first step for aspiring mountaineers as it includes a short snow crossing and an exposed 4th class scramble to the summit block. For those less inclined to try the steep final pitch, there are equally beautiful views to be had from just below the summit. Go in summer when the snow has receded and purple lupines blanket the slopes.

Length: 13.4 miles out-and-back
Elevation gain: 4,941 feet
Distance from downtown Seattle: Approximately 3 hours

7. Little Si

The Mount Si Natural Resources Conservation Area is home to a couple of classic Seattle-area hikes. Though well-loved and busy, the Little Si trail is a great choice year-round, with less snowfall than surrounding alpine areas during the winter months. It also makes for great training grounds for those looking to get some miles in not too far from the city and is perfect for new hikers, families, runners, and those with dogs. Whereas the nearby Mount Si trail has a series of switchbacks over steeper elevation, Little Si meanders more easily through lush woods over undulating terrain. The straightforward but scenic trail through Pacific Northwest forest culminates with stellar views of the valley below.

Length: 7.6 miles and 3.6 miles out-and-back
Elevation gain: 3,252 feet and 901 feet
Distance from downtown Seattle: Approximately 45 minutes

8. Camp Muir

Get high in Washington’s alpine country at Mount Rainier’s 10,000-foot base camp. Reaching Camp Muir is considered a right of passage for some Seattleites, and a worthy summer hike for those looking for a challenge. It’s also the highest you can climb on Mount Rainier without a climbing permit. And if you decide you can’t make it the whole way, even the first section will give you a mountain experience you won’t soon forget. Get awesome views of the volcano and glaciers while ascending to the Muir Snowfields and historic huts dating back to the early 1900s. Mountain weather can change quickly, so make sure you’re prepared for high winds and precipitation no matter how the sky looks at the trailhead.

Length: 8 miles out-and-back
Elevation gain: 4,639 feet
Distance from downtown Seattle: Approximately 2 hours and 30 minutes

9. Rattlesnake Ledge

Like on nearby Mt. Si, this hike’s easy access and moderate elevation gain belie the vastness of its views. It makes a great hike for beginners, families, or those looking to stretch their legs without the commitment of nearby alpine trails. Though it does get a lot of traffic, it’s a great choice for a mid-week outing or an easier jaunt with your pup. That said, the trail does continue on through the Rattlesnake Mountain Scenic Area for those looking for a bigger workout and further viewpoints from above, and is worth extra time and exploration.

Length: 4.3 miles out-and-back
Elevation gain: 1,117 feet
Distance from downtown Seattle: Approximately 40 minutes

10. The Enchantments Thru-Hike

Due to its unique geography and delicate ecosystem, the alpine Enchantments zone is highly protected, making backpacking permits difficult to come by via the annual lottery system. But those with a strong will and sturdy legs can complete the whole 18-mile thru-hike in a single day without a permit. If you’re not ready for the whole shebang, build up your strength and get a taste of the untamed peaks with one of the shorter out-and-back trails to Snow Lakes, Colchuck Lake, or Eightmile Lake on the periphery of the Enchantments.

Length: 17.8 mile thru-hike (with much shorter out-and-back variations possible)
Elevation gain: 6,484 feet via Snow Lakes
Distance from downtown Seattle: Approximately 2.5 hours

Want more? Search for hikes near Seattle using the Discover tab in the Gaia GPS app, or go to the web and use the Seattle hikes page as a launching point to find your next adventure.

Note: These hikes were checked for accuracy, but the routes themselves were ultimately sourced from the Gaia GPS community. The exact mileage and elevation gain tracked may vary from device to device.

0 FacebookTwitterLinkedinRedditEmail
AdventuresFeaturedGaia GPSHow-To

Ski Often, Ski Safe: How to Plan a Backcountry Ski Tour

by Corey Buhay
written by Corey Buhay

As new snow settles into the couloirs and glades this season, it’s easy to get caught up in the stoke without doing your homework—a potentially fatal mistake when you’re backcountry skiing in avalanche terrain. To get your tour off on the right boot, we teamed up with Joey Thompson, Colorado Mountain School’s Head Mountain Guide as well as a BCA and Hestra ambassador, to put together this must-do, pre-trip checklist.

Skimping on your tour plan comes with high consequences. On average, 27 people lose their lives in avalanches every year in the United States. Even more sobering: Those fatalities include experts, guides, and professionals as well as backcountry skiing novices. The good news is that, while your safety in the mountains is never 100% guaranteed, you can scale your odds overwhelmingly in your favor with the right research and preparation.

Here the ten essential steps you should take to plan any backcountry ski trip.

1. Evaluate your experience level.

The first thing you should do is take a hard look at your overall experience and comfort in the mountains before you get in over your head.

“Overconfidence is a common trap,” Thompson says, and that’s especially true among skiers with only moderate avalanche education. In fact, some studies show that folks with just the first level of avy certification are more likely to expose themselves to undue avalanche risk than any other group.

Getting certified with an avalanche awareness class (like the level 1 course from AIARE, the American Institute for Avalanche Research and Education) is a good first step. However, Thompson warns that years of experience, a lot of practice using a beacon, and good temperament and mountain sense are often more beneficial than formal education alone.

If you’re really new to backcountry skiing—or really obsessing over a descent that might be just outside your comfort zone—consider hiring a guide or finding a mentor with a decade or more of mountain experience to show you the ropes.

2. Check the weather before you pick your route.

Second step: Thompson recommends cross-referencing several weather forecasts before you get your heart set on any particular line.

He checks predictions from the Colorado Avalanche Information Center (CAIC), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA), and the European weather service MeteoBlue, all of which use different predictive models. For quick reference, map NOAA’s predictions directly over your route plan in Gaia GPS using the Precipitation and Snowfall forecast overlays.

Steer clear of high winds, which can load snow onto leeward slopes; sudden spikes in temperature, which can cause wet slides; and huge dumps of snow, which can build into storm slabs. Also keep an eye on cloud cover, which will flatten the light, making variations in the snow surface tough to distinguish.

If you haven’t already, get a feel for weather patterns in your area. The Pacific Northwest’s snowpack stabilizes much faster than Colorado’s, for example, which means you can start skiing sooner after storms.

3. Select backcountry zones based on the avalanche forecast.

Next, Thompson heads to the local avalanche bulletin and rules out geographic zones, elevations, and aspects with high avalanche risk.

The avy forecast measures risk as a function of both likelihood and size (consequence).

“For example, if you’re skiing in Rocky Mountain National Park in April, you probably have a weak layer [from the thaw-freeze cycles that usually happen in early winter in Colorado] buried really deeply in the snowpack. Maybe it’s dormant—buried too deep to have a high likelihood of getting triggered,” Thompson explains. “But if it does get triggered, all that built-up snow is going to result in an avalanche big enough to sculpt its own landscape and bury a train and houses and condos.” That’s a low-likelihood, high-consequence avalanche.

On the opposite end of the spectrum, a few inches of new snow on short, steep slopes might be really likely to slide, but the avalanches will be much smaller. Those might knock a person off her skis but they’re unlikely to bury anyone completely.

4. Plan your route.

Now that you’ve ruled out the danger zones, evaluate slope angles to find a safe route. Gather beta from friends, online trip reports, and websites like OpenSnow and Wild Snow, and figure out what routes local guides are taking clients on that time of year.

“If you can get your hands on a prerecorded track from a buddy, that’s awesome,” Thompson says, especially if there’s a chance of low-visibility conditions. You can create your own route directly in Gaia GPS, or upload a track from a friend via a KML or GPX file.

Most avalanche educators recommend avoiding slopes between 30 and 45 degrees, especially if the avalanche forecast calls for anything more than low avy danger. (Visualize slope angle along different routes with the Slope-Angle Shading overlay.) However, persistent slab avalanches happen on slopes as low as 22 degrees, so don’t skimp on your weather research.

5. Make a Plan B. 

Prerecorded tracks are great, but any time you’re backcountry skiing, conditions can change fast. Be prepared to tweak or bail on your route at the last minute.

Thompson recommends setting waypoints at decision-making thresholds like headwalls, summits, and higher-consequence slopes to facilitate group discussion about the conditions and terrain.

Always make sure you have a safe escape route in mind. Create plan-B and plan-C tour plans, and download the appropriate maps for offline use.

6. Bring the right maps.

Before you leave service, download maps of the area you plan to explore, along with any routes, tracks, or waypoints to help you find your way. Thompson typically downloads the USGS Topo and NatGeo Illustrated Trails maps. Some other helpful layers:

Many of these maps are only available with a Premium Membership. Learn more about Premium maps and access them here.

Go Premium

Download multiple map sources, and plan to stash your phone in a chest pocket to keep it warm (cold batteries die faster). Bring paper maps and a compass as backup.

7. Pick your partners wisely.

Going solo in the wild has its allure, but it’s hard to argue with the facts: If you get caught in an avalanche and you’re alone, you’ll have no one to dig you out. Pick partners who share your levels of ambition and risk tolerance, and who you know will be open-minded and communicative with the rest of the group.

Thompson recommends aiming for a group of five. It’s a small enough number for efficient movement and quick decision-making, but big enough that even if two skiers get buried, there are still more diggers than victims.

If you’re a beginner, Thompson suggests skiing with other beginners. They’ll allow you to learn the basics at your own pace in mellow terrain.

8. Get your gear together.

Every group member should have a beacon, probe, and avalanche shovel. Also consider an avalanche pack. They’re expensive, but research shows that when used properly, they can effectively buoy caught skiers above sliding debris.

Put new batteries in your beacon, and securely attach it to your body, either in a chest harness over your baselayer, or clipped to a belt loop and zipped into a pocket. Keep your probe and shovel easily accessible in your pack.

Also throw in plenty of snacks and water. Staying hydrated and frequently consuming carbohydrates will keep you warm and prevent bonking, which can impair your decision-making abilities.

9. Talk with your team the day of the trip.

Discuss turnaround time and goals with your group to make sure everyone’s on the same page. Agree beforehand on what slope angles the group feels comfortable skiing, what weather or snow surface conditions constitute a no-go, and what your plan-B and plan-C options are. Predetermined limits are a good failsafe against succumbing to summit fever in hazardous conditions.

Thompson also suggests designating a team leader before you head out. That way, if something goes wrong, you’ll have enough organizational structure in place to quickly make a plan and avoid infighting.

“It’s really invaluable for beginner skiers to debrief at the end of the day, too,” Thompson adds. “If you skied something outside of your route plan and just got lucky, you’re not going to learn from it if you just slap high-fives all around, get in your car, and drive away without thinking it through.”

10. Do your final checks.

Before you leave, scan the day-of forecast and local avalanche reports. Reconsider your route if you see evidence of avalanche activity on similar slopes in adjacent ranges.

Reading avalanche terrain is an incredibly complex science, Thompson warns: “Even after 25 years of ski touring, I’m just now feeling like I have a handle on it.” So no matter how well you’ve prepared, always double-check your terrain and weather information, and jot down the number for your local Search and Rescue team, just in case.

If all looks good, do a final beacon check, click in, and get after it.

0 FacebookTwitterLinkedinRedditEmail
2016_05_wonderland-trail-feature.jpg
AdventuresGaia GPS

93 Miles Around Mount Rainier: How to Thru-Hike the Wonderland Trail

by Ashli Baldwin
written by Ashli Baldwin

Early summer is here. The days are long, warm, and gorgeous. But for those of us looking forward to backpacking season in the Pacific Northwest, summer won’t truly arrive for another two months. Snow still abounds in the Cascades and Olympics, covering some of the best backpacking routes in the state: Seven Lakes Basin in Olympic National Park, the Enchantments in Alpine Lakes Wilderness, and, at the top of almost everyone’s list, the Wonderland Trail in Mt. Rainier National Park: 93 miles of pure beauty circling one of America’s most iconic mountains. Jaw-dropping vistas, gorgeous wildflowers, lowland forests, wild rivers—this trail has it all.

And that includes a reputation for difficulty that precedes it: The trail travels over countless ridges as it undulates along the edge of Mount Rainier for a cumulative 22,000 feet of elevation gain. The National Park Service encourages backpackers—of whom there are roughly 200-250 who thru-hike the trail per year—to allocate 10-14 days to complete the trail, averaging 7 to 10 miles per day. Unfortunately, most of us won’t have 14 days this summer to spend circling the Wonderland Trail, as much as the trail deserves that kind of leisurely pace. But just because you can’t spend two full weeks thoroughly exploring every meadow and side trail, doesn’t mean you have to postpone your plans indefinitely. The reality is that it is not only possible to complete the trail in less time, but it might even be more enjoyable than a longer hike. On a short hike you can stay only at the choicest campsites, hike straight through the mosquito swarms in mid-afternoon, and be on the trail at dawn and sunset, seeing the mountain at its greatest advantage.

What you choose to do depends on your personal preference—do you want to spend as much of each day hiking as possible, or do you enjoy an hour-long break at each new vista? Do you want to keep your pack lightweight, with only the essentials, or is it important to you to bring along a camp chair, coffee press, or camera tripod? Do you have two weeks to hike the trail, or only one?

If you enjoy long days on the trail, a 5-7 day thru-hike of the Wonderland Trail might be perfect for you. And the good news is that while a shorter hike requires a more structured day to ensure you cover the necessary miles, it also offers more flexibility.

Here’s a look at how to prepare for a 5-7 day thru-hike of the Wonderland Trail:

Taking to the immaculate singletrack along the Wonderland Trail
Taking to the immaculate singletrack along the Wonderland Trail

Homini

Get the Right Gear

If you haven’t updated your backpacking gear since the 1990s, now is the time to do it. To hike long days with high mileage you’ll need a lightweight pack. Ideally, the total weight of your pack, including food and water, will be a maximum of 20% of your body weight, and ideally closer to 15%, or even 10% (so, if you weigh 150 pounds, your pack should never be more than 30 pounds). Don’t compromise your trip by taking a pack that is unnecessarily heavy. If you’re looking for high-quality lightweight gear for the first time, there are a number of online resources that can get you started:

The Importance of a Map

While the Wonderland Trail is so well-marked that it’s possible you may go your entire trip without pulling it out, don’t skip out on your map as a way to save an ounce or two of weight, as snowfields or washed out stream crossings may make the trail difficult to follow. Download the Gaia GPS Wonderland Trail map, grab the Green Trails Wonderland Map, or the National Geographic Mount Rainier National Park map.

Have the Proper Training

In addition to your map, take the time to get acquainted with the elevation profile for the Wonderland Trail. You’ll be tackling numerous 3,000 foot elevation gains and losses over the course of your trip—possibly even multiple times in one day. So be sure to spend the months leading up to your hike taking advantage of any opportunity to grab your daypack and tackle some steep climbs.

The difficulty of the elevation is partially mitigated by trail conditions: this is a well-loved, carefully maintained, thoughtfully constructed trail. And while trail conditions will change from year to year, and you should check with the park service before making any final decisions, experienced hikers can and should plan to wear trail runners, which will both increase their speed and reduce stress-related injuries.

Food and Water

You'll need a water filtration system—the Sawyer Squeeze is simple and easy to use.
You’ll need a water filtration system—the Sawyer Squeeze is simple and easy to use.

Laura Lancaster

Remember that hiking big days means that your body will require more food per day than it would on a normal backpacking trip. The good news is that you can get away with carrying less water since you’ll be spending less time in-between the trail’s many water sources. For the Wonderland Trail, I recommend carrying a two liter capacity, which should be more than sufficient. Remember to carry a water filtration system as well—don’t assume that the water sources you run into will be sparkling clean (even if they look it). The Sawyer Squeeze filtration products are arguably the best bang for your buck, and they’re incredibly easy and efficient to use. But there are plenty of other filtration methods out there worth researching.

Plan for Mosquitoes

Nothing is more frustrating than arriving at camp in early afternoon only to be forced into your tent by hordes of mosquitoes. And while hiking at a brisk pace can help to keep the bugs away during the shoulder seasons, the prime hiking months inevitably correspond with the worst of the swarms. Bring along a lightweight bug net and, if you prefer to hike in shorts and a t-shirt, a lightweight layer that will cover your arms and legs. To save weight, another option is to pick out a lightweight shell layer that can double as a mosquito barrier without causing you to overheat.

As an alternative to bug spray, consider spraying your clothes in advance with permethrin, which will offer protection against mosquitoes for the entire length of your trip.

Make a Reservation

Lowland forests along the Wonderland Trail
Lowland forests along the Wonderland Trail

Laura Lancaster

Unlike other trails in the Pacific Northwest, the Wonderland Trail doesn’t just require a permit, it also requires you to choose your campsites in advance of your trip. And campsites are limited: most stops on the trail only have about six sites. The good news is that the stops themselves are plentiful: 23 in total, as well as an option to stay at Longmire Lodge for those willing to splurge.

Keep in mind that not all campsites are created equal: Indian Bar is a highly coveted spot while Dick Creek will have more spots available. If you can, plan your trip so that the destination campsites are at the back-end of your hike to better ensure that you get your top picks.

For years, aspiring thru-hikers would prepare their reservation form in the days leading up to March 15, and then rush to fax, mail, or show up in person to secure a coveted spot at Mystic Lake, Indian Bar, or Summerland. But, thanks to a computer glitch, the parks service did something a bit unusual for 2016—they opened up all reservations to first come, first serve. Take advantage of the situation this year by allowing the weather to plan your trip for you, picking out a week when the wildflowers are in full bloom and the mountain is out, and arrive at the ranger station with a flexible itinerary in mind.

If you prefer the security of having a reservation confirmed in advance, look forward to the 2017 season, when the parks service expects to have a new online system in place.

Clockwise or Counterclockwise?

Conventional wisdom says to hike the Wonderland Trail clockwise, to avoid hiking the steepest section on the uphills. But I suggest the opposite: while steep uphills are difficult in the moment and require a degree of physical training to be ready for, hiking the steepest sections on the downhill puts a huge strain on your joints that are likely to take longer to recover from than muscle fatigue. Save your knees and hike the Wonderland Trail counterclockwise.

Transportation

If you are from out of town, plan to rent a car for the duration of your Wonderland Trail hike, as it is very difficult to get to and from any of the trailheads without one. When you confirm your reservation at the ranger station they will take information on your vehicle at the same time so that you can leave it at the trailhead where you plan to start and end.

When to Go

The typical hiking season for the Wonderland Trail runs from mid-July to early September, but these are simply rough parameters for when the snow has sufficiently melted to allow for an unencumbered thru-hike. Check with the ranger station to find out what current conditions are like, as the snow level could force your hike later into the season, or allow you to get an early start. In 2015, the year my husband and I hiked the trail, it was a drought year, and we planned our hike for early July, weeks ahead of when the first hikers normally begin. When we started hiking that year, the snow was nearly melted, the wildflowers were in full bloom, and the crowds that August would typically see were nowhere to be found.

Choose a Resupply Spot

Ahh, resupply. There might not be anything better.
Ahh, resupply. There might not be anything better.

Laura Lancaster

One way to reduce your pack weight is to plan a resupply. This way you carry only a few days of food at a time, rather than a week’s worth right at the start.

There are four places along the Wonderland Trail that you can mail a resupply box to:

  • Longmire Information Center
  • White River Campground
  • Sunrise Visitor Center
  • Mowich Lake Patrol Cabin

Ship your package in a hard-sided plastic bucket (this is to keep out rodents) that is clearly labeled with your name, your resupply destination, the date you expect to arrive, and your permit number. Here’s how.

Plan Your Route

There are dozens of different permutations that you could create to hike the Wonderland Trail. Below are sample trips for five, six, and seven day thru-hikes that are designed to spread out the mileage evenly while maximizing the time spent at some of the trail’s most prized locations.

Five-day trip:

Beginning Trailhead: Fryingpan Creek
Direction: Counterclockwise

Campsites
Night #1: Carbon River
Mileage: 19.1 miles

Night #2: Golden Lakes
Mileage: 18.6 miles

Night #3: Devil’s Dream
Mileage: 18.5 miles

Night #4: Nickel Creek
Mileage: 19.3 miles

Finish: Fryingpan Creek
Mileage: 15.4 miles

Pros: Evenly spaced days maximize the odds that you’ll complete each leg before sundown.
Cons: Golden Lakes is lovely and Devil’s Dream has some unique rock formations, but the rest of the campsites on this itinerary aren’t the stars of the trail. But with this mileage, you’ll be spending so much of the day hiking that you’ll have less time to notice.

Taking in the views of Mount Rainier
Taking in the views of Mount Rainier

Laura Lancaster

Six-day trip:

Beginning Trailhead: Mowich Lake
Direction: Counterclockwise

Campsites
Night #1: North Puyallup River
Mileage: 15.1 miles

Night #2: Devil’s Dream
Mileage: 13.7 miles

Night #3: Maple Creek
Mileage: 16.2 miles

Night #4: Summerland
Mileage: 14.4 miles

Night #5: Mystic Lake
Mileage: 18.4 miles

Finish: Mowich Lake
Mileage: 13.1 miles

Pros: Spend your last night on the trail at gorgeous Mystic Lake, and then enjoy a leisurely morning before hiking the 13 miles back to Mowich Lake.
Cons: Your fifth day on trail, from Summerland to Mystic Lake, is both long and involves serious elevation gain and loss.

Seven day trip:

Beginning Trailhead: White River
Direction: Counterclockwise

Campsites
Night #1: Mystic Lake
Mileage: 12.9 miles

Night #2: Mowich Lake
Mileage: 13.1 miles

Night #3: North Puyallup River
Mileage: 15.1 miles

Night #4: Devil’s Dream
Mileage: 13.7 miles

Night #5: Maple Creek
Mileage: 16.2 miles

Night #6: Indian Bar
Mileage: 9.9 miles

Finish: White River
Mileage: 10 miles

Pros: A short day into Indian Bar and a short day to White River mean that you maximize your time on the jaw-dropping and sometimes difficult sections on the east side of the mountain.
Cons: The south side of the mountain offers quieter beauties than the rest, so your fifth day on the trail, between Devil’s Dream and Maple Creek may leave you wanting more after Klatpatche Park and Emerald Ridge the previous day. But it’s also the flattest side of the mountain, making it a great place to pack in the longest day on the trip.

Featured image provided by Laura Lancaster

0 FacebookTwitterLinkedinRedditEmail
Backcountry cooking with a view
AdventuresGaia GPS

How to Plan a Menu for a Long Distance Backpacking Trip

by Ashli Baldwin
written by Ashli Baldwin

For many of us, menu planning for a backpacking trip is a last minute consideration. Stop off at a grocery on the way up to the mountains and grab the essentials: mac and cheese, ramen, oatmeal, and, of course, bars, bars, and more bars. But the longer your hike (around the third day of a backpacking trip is usually when it becomes tough to eat another energy bar), the more important it is to vary your diet, both to maintain a high interest in your food and to keep your energy levels up and active. If you’re planning your first long hike, whether it’s for six days or 60, you’ll want to spend some time considering what to eat, how much, and when.

What to Pack

Organizing your food in individual Ziploc baggies is a smart way to pack your food
Organizing your food in individual Ziploc baggies is a smart way to pack your food

Laura Lancaster

Before we get into what to pack, let’s start with how much to pack. Eyeballing it might work fine for an overnighter, but the longer your trip is the easier it is to get wrong. Pack too much food and you’ll end up needlessly hauling around extra weight. Pack too little food and you’ll spend the end of your trip uncomfortably rationing. Counting calories before a backcountry trip can help make the trip itself more enjoyable. But how many calories should you plan for?

Start by considering what your baseline metabolism is. In the frontcountry, I eat an average of 2000 calories a day. For a low-key backpacking trip (averaging 8 miles or less a day) I’ll typically pack 2500 calories per day. For higher-mileage days, I’ll bump up the calories to 3,000 a day. Other variables, such as hiking in snow or backpacking at elevation will also result in a calorie-bump increase. If you’re planning a trip for a month or longer, plan to add more calories after the first couple of weeks, regardless of any change in mileage. This will help account for the loss of fat stores in your body.

Breakfast

Oatmeal: The breakfast of backpacker champions
Oatmeal: The breakfast of backpacker champions

Laura Lancaster

Don’t let your backcountry breakfast be an afterthought. If you’re hiking long miles, you’ll typically be up by dawn, packing up your gear, ready to get a jump on the day. You’ll want breakfast to be fast, nutritious, and, depending on the season, hot. This is what my husband and I typically pack when we are out on a long trip:

    • Instant espresso (such as Cafe Bustelo)
    • Instant milk (to mix into the coffee)
    • Instant oatmeal with brown sugar, freeze dried fruit, and instant milk
    • Instant grits with powdered cheddar cheese and instant milk
    • Pastries, cinnamon rolls
    • Protein or breakfast shake

Before you leave for your trip, repackage your breakfasts into individual servings. A chilly morning when you’re trying to break down camp is not when you want to be fussing with pouring three quarters of a cup of oatmeal and two tablespoons of brown sugar into your ultralight titanium mug.

Also, before you hike out for the day, consider your next meal. If you’re hiking big days, it may only take an hour or so for your appetite to work up, especially for those of us that don’t like to eat big meals when we first wake up. A protein or breakfast shake during the first mile or two of your hike can help keep your energy up until that next break, while a pastry is the perfect calorie-dense food to have on hand in case you feel your blood sugar levels plummeting.

Lunch/Snacks

Lunch in the backcountry doesn't have to be—and probably shouldn't be—too heavy. Snacks are the way to go.
Lunch in the backcountry doesn’t have to be—and probably shouldn’t be—too heavy. Snacks are the way to go.

Laura Lancaster

The longer you spend in the backcountry, the more your idea of “lunch” will change. The norms of the frontcountry no longer apply, so you’re not obligated to stop for a one hour lunch break between noon and 1 p.m., especially if you’re still a couple of miles away from that perfect vista. But at the same time, when you are hungry, it’s best to stop and eat something then, so that you can keep your energy high for the long haul. I now like to think of “lunch” as everything that I’ll eat between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m.

While it’s great to get some healthy foods into your backpacking snacks, this shouldn’t be your sole focus. It’s just as important to seek out food that is calorie-rich and lightweight. That’s right. I’m talking about the bane of frontcountry diets: junk food.

The longer your backcountry trip, the deeper down the rabbit hole of junk food you should go. As you hike longer and longer days, you will start to reduce your body’s fat stores and your metabolism will start to change into a fat-burning machine. This means that you can get away with eating all sorts of things on a long backpacking trip that it’s better to avoid in normal life.

So when you’re at the store, look past the typical granola or energy bars that so many hikers bring along. This may sound self-evident, but food that feels like a chore in the frontcountry isn’t going to taste any better when you’re hiking. And if you pack something that you’re not excited about eating, the odds are that you simply won’t eat it, missing out on valuable calories and adding unnecessary weight to your pack. Below is a short list of snack and lunch foods that I’ll pack for my husband and myself when we’re out on a long trip:

    • Peanut butter
    • Dried sausage
    • Wheat crackers or pita chips
    • Chips (Fritos, Tim’s Cascades, Terra, etc.)
    • Candy (Snickers, Almond Joy, Paydays, Peanut M&Ms, etc.)
    • Dried fruit, such as coconut, mango, and apples
    • Wasabi peas
    • Flavored almonds
    • Avocado
    • Cookies
    • Caffeinated crystal light
    • Chocolate covered espresso beans

Dinner

Dinnertime in Sequoia National Park
Dinnertime in Sequoia National Park

oliveogarchy

Dinner, like lunch, doesn’t have to follow the norms of the frontcountry and, in fact, is much more efficient when it doesn’t. On long trips, many hikers will end up eating dinner as early as 3 p.m. to provide extra energy through the rest of the afternoon and to avoid the dangers associated with eating their dinner at their campsite. But the purpose of dinner in a backcountry menu remains the same: a nutritious meal that will not only help your body operate on all cylinders, but also serve as a source of motivation when you’re pushing through a particularly difficult section of trail or during inclement weather.

If you’re pressed for time, the easiest way to prep your dinners is to purchase prepackaged foods. Many hikers enjoy pre-packaged dinners by Mountain House, Backpacker’s Pantry, and the like. You can also find a number of backcountry-ready meals at the grocery store, such as Kraft Mac and Cheese, Idahoan Potatoes, Lipton Pastas, and the Near East selection of couscous and other grains. If you choose to go this route, I recommend taking the time to package some extra olive oil, tuna in foil packets, and your favorite spices. This will give you the ability to either flavor these pre-packaged foods to your own tastes or add in extra calories as needed.

If you have more time at your disposal, I strongly recommend putting together your own backpacking meals. Here are a number of resources available where you can learn more about what this involves:

A note on packaging food for longer hikes: For a six-day backpacking trip, I’ll pop any homemade backpacking meals with potentially perishable ingredients in the freezer in the days or weeks leading up to the hike. But if you’re going out for any longer than that, consider investing either in a vacuum sealer or oxygen absorbent packets.

Packing Your Food

Vacuum-sealed is the way to go
Vacuum-sealed is the way to go

Laura Lancaster

Is there anything more irritating than stopping for your first snack break of the day, only to discover that your food bag is stuffed at the bottom of your pack? Or to find an unmarked Ziploc bag and not know if you’re looking at powdered milk or powdered potatoes? Taking a few moments before your trip to consider how packing your food can save you from headaches and hassle during your trip.

The first, and most obvious piece of advice is to label everything—especially if you are repackaging food items. Label what it is, how many calories it has, cooking prep instructions, and the date that you packaged it on.

Another strategy favored by some long-distance backpackers is to individually pack up the food for each day in a separate gallon Ziploc bag. That will prevent a situation where the only food in your food bag on the 5th day is cereal bars and jerky.

If you’re hiking in bear country, naturally you’ll want (and frequently be required) to take along a bear canister. But even if you aren’t in bear country, consider taking extra precaution to protect your food from raccoons and other small rodents. Combining an Ursack and an Opsack will significantly reduce the odds that a mouse will get into your food bag, while offering significant protection against bears for a fraction of the weight.

Sending Yourself a Resupply Box

Resupply isn't as complicated as it first seems
Resupply isn’t as complicated as it first seems

Laura Lancaster

Depending on your route and the length, you may want to consider sending yourself a resupply box. This is an excellent way to reduce the weight of your pack at the outset of a trip. Once you’ve identified a place on the trail where you can send a resupply box, spend some time researching what limitations might exist. Can you send the box USPS or only via UPS and FedEx? Is the resupply location closed on Sundays? Will they charge a cash fee to accept a resupply? If you’re basing your resupply information off of a guidebook or other online resource, call ahead to make sure that your resupply drop off point is still accepting resupply boxes.

Take care when packaging your resupply box. Like with anything else that goes through the mail, your box has the potential to be smashed, crushed, left out in the pouring rain, or stuffed into a hot and humid warehouse. Using a bucket instead of a box, or securing your food inside of a large Tupperware container, can help protect your resupply box against both the elements and the potential for rodents.

Featured image provided by Laura Lancaster

1 FacebookTwitterLinkedinRedditEmail
7 Ways to Use Your Smartphone to Plan the Ultimate Backcountry Ski Trip
AdventuresFeaturedGaia GPS

7 Ways to Use Your Smartphone to Plan the Ultimate Backcountry Ski Trip

by Angela Crampton
written by Angela Crampton

Smartphones may be the best piece of outdoor gear you can take with you into the backcountry. In this article, learn how to use mobile apps both online and off to plan an unforgettable backcountry ski trip this winter.

Start the planning process by determining the best location to backcountry ski based on weather, avalanche forecasts, and navigation.

In the wild, use your smartphone to track your route, take field notes, and capture photos of your adventure.

1. Weather and avalanche forecasts

7 Ways to Use Your Smartphone to Plan the Ultimate Backcountry Ski Trip

Photo by Nicolas Cool

Winter backcountry travel requires extra research than other seasons. Why? Because snow and avalanche danger add unstable risk. Temperatures and precipitation forecasts start the planning process but more conditions come into play.

Be informed on the weather

7 Ways to Use Your Smartphone to Plan the Ultimate Backcountry Ski Trip

Source: weather.gov

Track weather daily since the snowpack will depend on snow, wind, rain, and snow levels (or freezing levels). Temperatures hovering around freezing level can warm the snow throughout the day but freeze the layer at night causing icy ski conditions until the snow softens up again or new snow falls. Learn more about snow versus freezing levels.

Wind gusts can remove light snow off the windward side and deposit the snow to the leeward side of the mountain. Windward aspects of the mountain may show scoured snow and form a cornice at steep ridgelines. Strong winds in the winter can also make it downright unpleasant for the skier.

Most skiers don’t want to see rain in the forecast. Similar to temperatures hovering around freezing, the rain melts the top layer of the snow and creates a hard rain crust not optimal to ski. Monitor the snow levels in order to know what elevation will have snow to ski.

Avalanche conditions

7 Ways to Use Your Smartphone to Plan the Ultimate Backcountry Ski Trip

Source: nwac.us

Different regions have avalanche field reporters assessing the snowpack. Use local avalanche forecasts to help decide whether you earn your turns or go to a resort.

Avalanche forecasts provide ratings such as low, moderate, considerable, high, and extreme and evaluate below treeline, near treeline, above treeline. In addition to the ratings, forecasts indicate predictions on what slopes may slide and what type of avalanche you may see (i.e. wind slabs and storm slabs).

Take an AIARE (American Institute for Avalanche Research and Education) class to learn about snow stability and how to read forecasts.

Note: Smartphones can interfere with avalanche transceivers, or beacons, and should be kept far from each other when in avalanche terrain.

2. Navigation

Navigation starts when you step out your front door. Drive to the trailhead or starting point of your trip using road maps. Minutes before you leave, check local webcams on highways or ski resorts for current conditions and gain a sense if the weather forecasts are accurate.

Plan your route

7 Ways to Use Your Smartphone to Plan the Ultimate Backcountry Ski Trip

After reviewing the weather and avalanche forecasts, use Gaia GPS map layers to find the right route. Summer trails may be hard to find under the snow but can be used as a starting point when planning your route.

7 Ways to Use Your Smartphone to Plan the Ultimate Backcountry Ski Trip

Avalanches occur most commonly at 30 to 45-degrees. Use Gaia GPS Slope shading overlay to help determine the best slopes to stay safe on the mountain. If the conditions aren’t favorable, it is crucial to select safer terrain. Reference the satellite map layer to see if the terrain is passable‒look at tree coverage and areas for obvious cliffs to avoid.

Go to gaiagps.com to sign up for a free account and start planning your next route today at gaiagps.com/map.

View your route and maps offline

7 Ways to Use Your Smartphone to Plan the Ultimate Backcountry Ski Trip

You planned a route and want to use it to navigate offline to save battery. Select the download offline map function and set a box around the terrain you wish to explore. Consider saving areas that look promising for back-up plans.

Learn more on how to download maps for offline use here.

3. Tracking your route

7 Ways to Use Your Smartphone to Plan the Ultimate Backcountry Ski Trip

Tracking with a GPS is valuable especially as a beginner. If you plotted a route on the map, you can check your phone at junctions or every 30 minutes to stay on course.

Monitor your pace, distance, and elevation to maximize the short winter daylight hours. Calculate your average moving speed for the elevation to mile ratio and plan how long your outings will take.

In addition to tracking, add waypoints to the trip. Waypoints add points of interest or landmarks during the outing: where you parked the car, where you dug a snowpit, or where you transitioned from touring to ski mode.

4. Field notes

Avalanche classes teach backcountry skiers to write down the predicted conditions while trip planning, along with taking notes in the field, especially when plans change. Instead of carrying a little blue field book, consider entering notes into the smartphone in your pack.

Plan your trip

You have researched various areas to ski over the weekend, so writing notes come in handy for remembering the exact forecasts and details when offline. Start the note with the date and the location you plan on skiing. Next, record the avalanche forecast and weather conditions, along with any snowpack concerns. It can be as simple as taking a screenshot image on your phone to reference. Add the travel plans for the day with alternative routes and look up the emergency response phone numbers for the area.

In the field

7 Ways to Use Your Smartphone to Plan the Ultimate Backcountry Ski Trip

Make note of any deviations from the original plan. Observe the sky (clouds and precipitation), temperature, wind, and snow. How do the conditions differ from the forecasts? If you plan on returning to an area, consider taking a photo of slopes to ski or write down the area’s terrain (trees, bowls, ridgelines, etc.).
Debrief the day

Traveling solo or as a group, reflect on the conditions of the day and make any notes on what you learnt or observed. The notes can come in handy for future planning or sharing your trip reports, or beta, with friends.

5. Photography

Everyone can be a photographer: just add a smartphone. Not to mention ski poles make a good selfie stick with the right attachments. Below are a few tips to keep in mind when photographing your adventure.

Landscapes

7 Ways to Use Your Smartphone to Plan the Ultimate Backcountry Ski Trip

The reason why you go out in nature is the sweeping beauty and remote possibilities. Shooting pictures of landscapes doesn’t take much effort but avoid placing the focus of the image dead center. Use the rule-of-thirds and place the object off-center.

Tap the screen where you want the lens to focus on and allow it to adjust for the exposure or lighting of the photo. If the photo looks dark, consider focusing on a dark area to brighten the image. Most smartphones automatically adjust the photo while processing with a HDR (high-dynamic-range) setting.

Action shots

7 Ways to Use Your Smartphone to Plan the Ultimate Backcountry Ski Trip

Smartphone cameras have many settings, including burst modes to capture action shots. It takes time to perfect action shots for skiing but burst mode allows you to take many photos and choose the best one later

Position yourself downhill from your friend, or subject, and ask him or her to ski close to you at a fast pace. Choosing the slope with no tracks makes it more appealing and shows the remoteness of the excursion.

Focus on the skier to get the right exposure and let the phone burst to capture the sequence. Don’t forget that practice makes perfect. It takes time to know how close the skier should be and the best angles. Once you figure out the distance, throw a snowball where you want to skier to turn and communicate your vision.

6. Music

Nature can be hauntingly silent where your thoughts can interrupt focus. Music can drown out the silence or keep you motivated to keep a steady pace.

Enjoy the outdoors how you want but please consider others when outside or keep the music to yourself with earbuds. Download music offline to listen in the car, at camp, or a backcountry hut.

7. Emergency contact

Almost everyone carries a smartphone these days and has a hard time leaving it at home. Being connected allows skiers to share their plans with friends. Tell a friend your plans: start time, end time, and where you’re going. Check in with said friend after your day ends.

Cell service networks reach more remote areas than they have in the past. Send your planning notes to a friend that is a reliable source.

Final thoughts

Your smartphone can be the ultimate backcountry tool – but remember to plan smart. Preserve phone battery life by keeping it in a warm jacket pocket and always bring back up maps and other essential equipment.

Most importantly, always travel with companions, practice safe skiing techniques, and have fun!

0 FacebookTwitterLinkedinRedditEmail
Load More Posts